Retrocomputing Beginner's Guide - Revision history

Jpw: /* Amiga Models */

2020-08-02T21:24:14Z

Amiga Models

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:24, 2 August 2020
Line 205:		Line 205:
	\| Motorola 68030		\| Motorola 68030
	\| 25MHz		\| 25MHz
	\| ECS, Texas Instruments Graphics Architecture (TIGA)		\| ECS, Texas Instruments Graphics Architecture (TIGA; supported in Amiga UNIX only)
	\| SCSI (single-ended) on system board		\| SCSI (single-ended) on system board
	\| Zorro III, CPU "Fast" Slot, ISA, Amiga Video Slot		\| Zorro III, CPU "Fast" Slot, ISA, Amiga Video Slot

Jpw: /* Amiga Models */

2020-08-02T21:22:51Z

Amiga Models

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:22, 2 August 2020
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	\| Zorro III, CPU "Fast" Slot, ISA, Amiga Video Slot		\| Zorro III, CPU "Fast" Slot, ISA, Amiga Video Slot
	\| 2		\| 2
			\|-
			\| A1200
			\| Motorola 68EC020
			\| 14MHz
			\| AGA
			\| IDE
			\| Sidecar, Trapdoor Expansion, PCMCIA
			\| 4.8
			\|-
			\| A4000
			\| Motorola 68EC030, Motorola 68040
			\| 25MHz
			\| AGA
			\| IDE
			\| Zorro III, CPU "Fast" Slot, ISA, Amiga Video Slot
			\| 2.8
			\|-
			\| A4000T
			\| Motorola 68040, Motorola 68060
			\| 25MHz (68040), 50MHz (68060)
			\| AGA
			\| IDE, SCSI
			\| Zorro III, CPU "Fast" Slot, ISA, Amiga Video Slot
			\| 2.5
	\|}		\|}

Jpw: /* Amiga Models */

2020-08-02T00:50:07Z

Amiga Models

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:50, 2 August 2020
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	\| A1000/A500 Sidecar, A500 Trapdoor		\| A1000/A500 Sidecar, A500 Trapdoor
	\| 4.6		\| 4.6
			\|-
			\| A2000
			\| Motorola 68000
			\| 7MHz
			\| OCS/ECS
			\| None on system board; SCSI and others available via expansion boards
			\| Zorro II, A2000 CPU Slot, 8-bit ISA, 16-bit ISA, Amiga Video Slot
			\| 3
			\|-
			\| A2000HD
			\| Motorola 68000
			\| 7MHz
			\| OCS/ECS
			\| A2091 SCSI (single-ended) standard
			\| Zorro II, A2000 CPU Slot, 8-bit ISA, 16-bit ISA, Amiga Video Slot
			\| 3.5
			\|-
			\| A500+
			\| Motorola 68000
			\| 7MHz
			\| ECS
			\| N/A
			\| A1000/A500 Sidecar, A500 Trapdoor
			\| 4.5
			\|-
			\| A600
			\| Motorola 68000
			\| 7MHz
			\| ECS
			\| IDE
			\| Sidecar, Trapdoor, PCMCIA
			\| 4
			\|-
			\| A3000
			\| Motorola 68030
			\| 16MHz or 25MHz
			\| ECS
			\| SCSI (single-ended) on system board
			\| Zorro III, CPU "Fast" Slot, ISA, Amiga Video Slot
			\| 3.6
			\|-
			\| A3000T
			\| Motorola 68030, Motorola 68040
			\| 25MHz
			\| ECS
			\| SCSI (single-ended) on system board
			\| Zorro III, CPU "Fast" Slot, ISA, Amiga Video Slot
			\| 3.3
			\|-
			\| A3000UX
			\| Motorola 68030
			\| 25MHz
			\| ECS, Texas Instruments Graphics Architecture (TIGA)
			\| SCSI (single-ended) on system board
			\| Zorro III, CPU "Fast" Slot, ISA, Amiga Video Slot
			\| 2
	\|}		\|}

Jpw: /* Commodore Amiga */

2020-08-02T00:37:59Z

Commodore Amiga

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:37, 2 August 2020
Line 126:		Line 126:
	*** AmigaOS 3.5 and 3.9 were based on AmigaOS 3.1 (the final Commodore release) and were developed by Haage & Partner under contract from Amiga Inc. and did not form the basis of AmigaOS 3.1.4, which was developed once again from Commodore's AmigaOS 3.1 by Hyperion Entertainment		*** AmigaOS 3.5 and 3.9 were based on AmigaOS 3.1 (the final Commodore release) and were developed by Haage & Partner under contract from Amiga Inc. and did not form the basis of AmigaOS 3.1.4, which was developed once again from Commodore's AmigaOS 3.1 by Hyperion Entertainment
	** I will not be covering AROS and MorphOS here, as I do not consider them to be legitimate Amiga operating systems, as they share no code with the official OS releases from the various owners of the Amiga intellectual properties		** I will not be covering AROS and MorphOS here, as I do not consider them to be legitimate Amiga operating systems, as they share no code with the official OS releases from the various owners of the Amiga intellectual properties

			==== Amiga Models ====
			{\| class="wikitable"
			\|-
			! Model
			! CPU
			! Clock Rate
			! Chipset
			! Storage Bus
			! Expansion Bus
			! BFS
			\|-
			\| A1000
			\| Motorola 68000
			\| 7MHz
			\| OCS
			\| N/A
			\| A1000/A500 Sidecar
			\| 2
			\|-
			\| A500
			\| Motorola 68000
			\| 7MHz
			\| OCS
			\| N/A
			\| A1000/A500 Sidecar, A500 Trapdoor
			\| 4.6
			\|}

	===== Amiga 1000 =====		===== Amiga 1000 =====

Jpw at 01:29, 25 July 2020

2020-07-25T01:29:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:29, 25 July 2020
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	===== Amiga 500 =====		===== Amiga 500 =====

			There was a time when I would have said that the Amiga 500 was a poor choice for beginners, but modern hardware expansions have overcome the many limitations of this system to the extent that I now believe it is a great first Amiga. As the bestselling Amiga model ever produced by Commodore, this machine is still in relatively plentiful supply, and can be acquired for $500 or less. Still not cheap, but compared to other Amiga models, it's a steal.

			In its base configuration, the A500 comes with a 7MHz 68000 CPU, 512KB of chip RAM, and depending on the system board revision, the OCS or ECS chipset, and Kickstart 1.2 or 1.3 ROMs.

			The A500 includes a "trap door" expansion slot, commonly fitted with the A501 expansion board, adding a battery-backed realtime clock and 512K of additional "slow" or "trapdoor" RAM, bringing the system RAM total to 1MB. The battery on the A501 is of the rechargeable NiCd barrel or "Varta" type, and has a tendency to leak and damage the A501 board. Thankfully, the location of this battery reduces the chances of such leakage affecting the system board itself, and modern replacements for the A501 are available for $30 or less as of July 2020.

			No hard drive or hard drive controller is present on the system, though one may be added to the expansion port on the side of the machine, via either an accelerator board or a "sidecar" expansion.

			Modern accelerators developed in recent years can really breathe new life into the machine, including the Wicher, the Individual Computers ACA500+, and especially the Vampire 2, the latter of which brings the A500's performance far beyond even the most expanded Amiga 4000 from the top of the Amiga range, and adds hard drive support, HDMI video output, and both AGA and RTG-style graphics support.

			A modern external case is available in the form of the Checkmate 1500 Plus, which converts the A500 into a machine bearing more than a slight resemblance to the Amiga 3000.

			BFS: 4.6

	===== Amiga 2000 =====		===== Amiga 2000 =====

Jpw: /* Commodore 128 */

2020-07-21T01:57:30Z

Commodore 128

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:57, 21 July 2020
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	===== Commodore 128 =====		===== Commodore 128 =====

	~~In this~~ family, I would highly recommend a Commodore 128 with an SD2IEC adapter. It will run all Commodore 64 software perfectly, and as an added bonus, gives you access to Digital Research CP/M. Although slow, the Commodore 128's CP/M implementation provides the widest compatibility for reading and writing other CP/M systems' floppy diskette formats, making it an excellent gateway system for other CP/M systems you may end up collecting in the future. Its value proposition is quite impressive.		Within the family of Commodore 8-bit machines, I would highly recommend a Commodore 128 with an SD2IEC adapter. It will run all Commodore 64 software perfectly, and as an added bonus, gives you access to Digital Research CP/M. Although slow, the Commodore 128's CP/M implementation provides the widest compatibility for reading and writing other CP/M systems' floppy diskette formats, making it an excellent gateway system for other CP/M systems you may end up collecting in the future. Its value proposition is quite impressive.

	The SD2IEC adapter will make the use of oft-unreliable floppy disks less necessary, and will make the experience more seamless.		The SD2IEC adapter will make the use of oft-unreliable floppy disks less necessary, and will make the experience more seamless.

Jpw: /* Commodore Amiga */

2020-07-21T01:55:39Z

Commodore Amiga

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:55, 21 July 2020
Line 106:		Line 106:
	* The Amiga range uses a variety of chipsets supporting various NTSC and multiscan graphics modes: OCS (Original Chip Set), ECS (Enhanced Chip Set), and AGA (Advanced Graphics Architecture). Newer chipsets add more colors and resolutions, and generally attempt to remain backwards-compatible with prior chipsets. However, backwards compatibility in the Amiga range is far from perfect, especially in AGA-based machines. This can often be overcome for games by using WHDLoad. If you're looking to boot physical floppies, however, you will probably need to source an Amiga whose chipset matches the era when the game was released. Most games targeted OCS/ECS, as AGA only debuted two years prior to Commodore's bankruptcy.		* The Amiga range uses a variety of chipsets supporting various NTSC and multiscan graphics modes: OCS (Original Chip Set), ECS (Enhanced Chip Set), and AGA (Advanced Graphics Architecture). Newer chipsets add more colors and resolutions, and generally attempt to remain backwards-compatible with prior chipsets. However, backwards compatibility in the Amiga range is far from perfect, especially in AGA-based machines. This can often be overcome for games by using WHDLoad. If you're looking to boot physical floppies, however, you will probably need to source an Amiga whose chipset matches the era when the game was released. Most games targeted OCS/ECS, as AGA only debuted two years prior to Commodore's bankruptcy.

	* For a stock Amiga (and many accelerated Amigas), you will need some way of displaying video modes that use a 15kHz signal. There are passive Amiga video to VGA adapters, but where standard VGA modes use 31.5kHz signal timing, and work with flat-panel VGA monitors, most Amiga video modes require a monitor that can synchronize to a 15kHz scan rate, which is not commonly supported on flat-panel monitors. Exceptions do exist, and many "multiscan" CRT monitors will be able to handle NTSC 15kHz scan rates. It is possible to overcome this limitation with "display enhancer" or "scan-doubler" hardware, which takes 15kHz output, stores frames in a buffer, and outputs them at a doubled rate (i.e., 31.5kHz). This hardware will also remove flicker from "interlaced" modes, and the Amiga 3000 and 3000T include an integrated display enhancer and VGA port that will output scan-doubled graphics at 31.5kHz. Other options include Commodore RGB monitors such as the 1080, 1084, 1084S, M1438, and M1572 (although models prior to the M1438 will not display VGA-style "Productivity" mode and higher resolutions. Some Amiga systems include a composite video output for display on a standard television, though it will often be monochrome-only, as is the case with the Amiga 2000 family of systems.		* For a stock Amiga (and many accelerated Amigas), you will need some way of displaying video modes that use a 15kHz signal. There are passive Amiga video to VGA adapters, but where standard VGA modes use 31.5kHz signal timing, and work with flat-panel VGA monitors, most Amiga video modes require a monitor that can synchronize to a 15kHz scan rate, which is not commonly supported on flat-panel monitors. Exceptions do exist, and many "multiscan" CRT monitors will be able to handle NTSC 15kHz scan rates. It is possible to overcome this limitation with "display enhancer" or "scan-doubler" hardware, which takes 15kHz output, stores frames in a buffer, and outputs them at a doubled rate (i.e., 31.5kHz). This hardware will also remove flicker from "interlaced" modes, and the Amiga 3000 and 3000T include an integrated display enhancer and VGA port that will output scan-doubled graphics at 31.5kHz. Other options include Commodore RGB monitors such as the 1080, 1084, 1084S, M1438, and M1572 (although models prior to the M1438 will not display VGA-style "Productivity" mode and higher resolutions). Some Amiga systems include a composite video output for display on a standard television, though it will often be monochrome-only, as is the case with the Amiga 2000 family of systems.

	* Another option for video is "RTG" or "ReTargetable Graphics" with a Zorro II, Zorro III, or accelerator-based graphics board. Examples include the Picasso II and Picasso IV from Village Tronic, the Cybervision 64 and Cybervision 3D from Phase5/DCE, and the onboard RTG graphics on the Apollo Vampire accelerators. Village Tronic and Phase5/DCE boards tend to be rare and highly expensive. Support for passing standard Amiga video modes through RTG boards varies. You will need either Picasso96 or CyberGraphX software in order to use RTG graphics boards. Both are readily available, though Picasso96 tends to be better-supported and more robust than CyberGraphX.		* Another option for video is "RTG" or "ReTargetable Graphics" with a Zorro II, Zorro III, or accelerator-based graphics board. Examples include the Picasso II and Picasso IV from Village Tronic, the Cybervision 64 and Cybervision 3D from Phase5/DCE, and the onboard RTG graphics on the Apollo Vampire accelerators. Village Tronic and Phase5/DCE boards tend to be rare and highly expensive. Support for passing standard Amiga video modes through RTG boards varies. You will need either Picasso96 or CyberGraphX software in order to use RTG graphics boards. Both are readily available, though Picasso96 tends to be better-supported and more robust than CyberGraphX.

Jpw at 01:54, 21 July 2020

2020-07-21T01:54:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:54, 21 July 2020
Line 115:		Line 115:

	* Amiga computers (other than the A1000) have an upgradable ROM firmware known as the "Kickstart ROM". Generally speaking, a given AmigaOS version will need a ROM chip (or chips) installed in order to function, although in many cases, the ROM image can be soft-kicked from your Amiga hard drive at boot time, at the expense of delays in booting your machine.		* Amiga computers (other than the A1000) have an upgradable ROM firmware known as the "Kickstart ROM". Generally speaking, a given AmigaOS version will need a ROM chip (or chips) installed in order to function, although in many cases, the ROM image can be soft-kicked from your Amiga hard drive at boot time, at the expense of delays in booting your machine.

			* The Amiga operating system has been variously known as "Workbench" and "AmigaOS"
			** Workbench, as an umbrella term for the operating system, is older, but Workbench is technically just the graphical interface and desktop/file manager of the operating system, powered by the "Intuition" graphics libraries.
			** Access to on-disk data, as well as the command-line shell, are supplied by a component called "AmigaDOS" (not to be confused with "AmigaOS").
			** Buttons, text editing controls, drop-down lists, and other visual components of the UI are termed "gadgets", and are supplied by "gadget libraries", such as ReAction, MUI, and GadTools.
			** Directories, rather than being referred to as "directories" or "folders", are called "drawers" in the Workbench UI.
			** There are two current strains of the AmigaOS operating system family, and one abandoned strain of development:
			*** AmigaOS 3.1.4, released in 2018, is the latest version capable of running on Motorola 68K-based Amiga systems
			*** AmigaOS 4.1 Final Edition, released in 2016, is the latest version capable of running on IBM PowerPC-based Amiga systems, such as the AmigaOne range of machines from EyeTech, A-Eon, and other vendors
			*** AmigaOS 3.5 and 3.9 were based on AmigaOS 3.1 (the final Commodore release) and were developed by Haage & Partner under contract from Amiga Inc. and did not form the basis of AmigaOS 3.1.4, which was developed once again from Commodore's AmigaOS 3.1 by Hyperion Entertainment
			** I will not be covering AROS and MorphOS here, as I do not consider them to be legitimate Amiga operating systems, as they share no code with the official OS releases from the various owners of the Amiga intellectual properties

	===== Amiga 1000 =====		===== Amiga 1000 =====

Jpw at 01:41, 21 July 2020

2020-07-21T01:41:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:41, 21 July 2020
Line 106:		Line 106:
	* The Amiga range uses a variety of chipsets supporting various NTSC and multiscan graphics modes: OCS (Original Chip Set), ECS (Enhanced Chip Set), and AGA (Advanced Graphics Architecture). Newer chipsets add more colors and resolutions, and generally attempt to remain backwards-compatible with prior chipsets. However, backwards compatibility in the Amiga range is far from perfect, especially in AGA-based machines. This can often be overcome for games by using WHDLoad. If you're looking to boot physical floppies, however, you will probably need to source an Amiga whose chipset matches the era when the game was released. Most games targeted OCS/ECS, as AGA only debuted two years prior to Commodore's bankruptcy.		* The Amiga range uses a variety of chipsets supporting various NTSC and multiscan graphics modes: OCS (Original Chip Set), ECS (Enhanced Chip Set), and AGA (Advanced Graphics Architecture). Newer chipsets add more colors and resolutions, and generally attempt to remain backwards-compatible with prior chipsets. However, backwards compatibility in the Amiga range is far from perfect, especially in AGA-based machines. This can often be overcome for games by using WHDLoad. If you're looking to boot physical floppies, however, you will probably need to source an Amiga whose chipset matches the era when the game was released. Most games targeted OCS/ECS, as AGA only debuted two years prior to Commodore's bankruptcy.

	* For a stock Amiga (and many accelerated Amigas), you will need some way of displaying video modes that use a 15kHz signal. There are passive Amiga video to VGA adapters, but where standard VGA modes use 31.5kHz signal timing, and work with flat-panel VGA monitors, most Amiga video modes require a monitor that can synchronize to a 15kHz scan rate, which is not commonly supported on flat-panel monitors. Exceptions do exist, and many "multiscan" CRT monitors will be able to handle NTSC 15kHz scan rates. It is possible to overcome this limitation with "display enhancer" or "scan-doubler" hardware, which takes 15kHz output, stores frames in a buffer, and outputs them at a doubled rate (i.e., 31.5kHz). This hardware will also remove flicker from "interlaced" modes, and the Amiga 3000 and 3000T include an integrated display enhancer and VGA port that will output scan-doubled graphics at 31.5kHz. Other options include Commodore RGB monitors (1080, 1084S, M1438, M1572), and ~~some~~ Amiga systems include a composite video output for display on a standard television, though it will often be monochrome-only.		* For a stock Amiga (and many accelerated Amigas), you will need some way of displaying video modes that use a 15kHz signal. There are passive Amiga video to VGA adapters, but where standard VGA modes use 31.5kHz signal timing, and work with flat-panel VGA monitors, most Amiga video modes require a monitor that can synchronize to a 15kHz scan rate, which is not commonly supported on flat-panel monitors. Exceptions do exist, and many "multiscan" CRT monitors will be able to handle NTSC 15kHz scan rates. It is possible to overcome this limitation with "display enhancer" or "scan-doubler" hardware, which takes 15kHz output, stores frames in a buffer, and outputs them at a doubled rate (i.e., 31.5kHz). This hardware will also remove flicker from "interlaced" modes, and the Amiga 3000 and 3000T include an integrated display enhancer and VGA port that will output scan-doubled graphics at 31.5kHz. Other options include Commodore RGB monitors such as the 1080, 1084, 1084S, M1438, and M1572 (although models prior to the M1438 will not display VGA-style "Productivity" mode and higher resolutions. Some Amiga systems include a composite video output for display on a standard television, though it will often be monochrome-only, as is the case with the Amiga 2000 family of systems.

	* Another option for video is "RTG" or "ReTargetable Graphics" with a Zorro II, Zorro III, or accelerator-based graphics board. Examples include the Picasso II and Picasso IV from Village Tronic, the Cybervision 64 and Cybervision 3D from Phase5/DCE, and the onboard RTG graphics on the Apollo Vampire accelerators. Village Tronic and Phase5/DCE boards tend to be rare and highly expensive. Support for passing standard Amiga video modes through RTG boards varies. You will need either Picasso96 or CyberGraphX software in order to use RTG graphics boards. Both are readily available, though Picasso96 tends to be better-supported and more robust than CyberGraphX.		* Another option for video is "RTG" or "ReTargetable Graphics" with a Zorro II, Zorro III, or accelerator-based graphics board. Examples include the Picasso II and Picasso IV from Village Tronic, the Cybervision 64 and Cybervision 3D from Phase5/DCE, and the onboard RTG graphics on the Apollo Vampire accelerators. Village Tronic and Phase5/DCE boards tend to be rare and highly expensive. Support for passing standard Amiga video modes through RTG boards varies. You will need either Picasso96 or CyberGraphX software in order to use RTG graphics boards. Both are readily available, though Picasso96 tends to be better-supported and more robust than CyberGraphX.

			* Amiga floppy drives have the benefit of being able to read IBM-formatted floppy diskettes of the same density. However, IBM-compatible computers can neither read nor write Amiga-formatted floppy diskettes without the aid of special hardware, such as the Individual Computers Catweasel floppy controller.

			* GoTek floppy emulators, flashed with an Amiga-compatible firmware such as FlashFloppy, make data transfer easy. This is facilitated by providing a standard 34-pin floppy connector on the back of the drive, and a readout, a type-A USB port for a USB memory key, and "up" and "down" buttons for selecting among the floppy disk images written to the USB key. These images normally come in "adf" format, and are readily available.

			* Amiga computers (other than the A1000) have an upgradable ROM firmware known as the "Kickstart ROM". Generally speaking, a given AmigaOS version will need a ROM chip (or chips) installed in order to function, although in many cases, the ROM image can be soft-kicked from your Amiga hard drive at boot time, at the expense of delays in booting your machine.

	===== Amiga 1000 =====		===== Amiga 1000 =====

Jpw at 23:46, 20 July 2020

2020-07-20T23:46:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:46, 20 July 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:
	This is Datashed Retrocomputing's guide for the aspiring retrocomputing collector. The goal is to give a few basic hints to keep frustration to a minimum, and help the aspiring collector find a positive direction in this highly-rewarding hobby.		This is Datashed Retrocomputing's guide for the aspiring retrocomputing collector. The goal is to give a few basic hints to keep frustration to a minimum, and help the aspiring collector find a positive direction in this highly-rewarding hobby.

			This guide is geared toward those interested in collecting physical hardware, and as such, emulation options will not be covered here.

	== General Hints ==		== General Hints ==
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	* For a stock Amiga (and many accelerated Amigas), you will need some way of displaying video modes that use a 15kHz signal. There are passive Amiga video to VGA adapters, but where standard VGA modes use 31.5kHz signal timing, and work with flat-panel VGA monitors, most Amiga video modes require a monitor that can synchronize to a 15kHz scan rate, which is not commonly supported on flat-panel monitors. Exceptions do exist, and many "multiscan" CRT monitors will be able to handle NTSC 15kHz scan rates. It is possible to overcome this limitation with "display enhancer" or "scan-doubler" hardware, which takes 15kHz output, stores frames in a buffer, and outputs them at a doubled rate (i.e., 31.5kHz). This hardware will also remove flicker from "interlaced" modes, and the Amiga 3000 and 3000T include an integrated display enhancer and VGA port that will output scan-doubled graphics at 31.5kHz. Other options include Commodore RGB monitors (1080, 1084S, M1438, M1572), and some Amiga systems include a composite video output for display on a standard television, though it will often be monochrome-only.		* For a stock Amiga (and many accelerated Amigas), you will need some way of displaying video modes that use a 15kHz signal. There are passive Amiga video to VGA adapters, but where standard VGA modes use 31.5kHz signal timing, and work with flat-panel VGA monitors, most Amiga video modes require a monitor that can synchronize to a 15kHz scan rate, which is not commonly supported on flat-panel monitors. Exceptions do exist, and many "multiscan" CRT monitors will be able to handle NTSC 15kHz scan rates. It is possible to overcome this limitation with "display enhancer" or "scan-doubler" hardware, which takes 15kHz output, stores frames in a buffer, and outputs them at a doubled rate (i.e., 31.5kHz). This hardware will also remove flicker from "interlaced" modes, and the Amiga 3000 and 3000T include an integrated display enhancer and VGA port that will output scan-doubled graphics at 31.5kHz. Other options include Commodore RGB monitors (1080, 1084S, M1438, M1572), and some Amiga systems include a composite video output for display on a standard television, though it will often be monochrome-only.

			* Another option for video is "RTG" or "ReTargetable Graphics" with a Zorro II, Zorro III, or accelerator-based graphics board. Examples include the Picasso II and Picasso IV from Village Tronic, the Cybervision 64 and Cybervision 3D from Phase5/DCE, and the onboard RTG graphics on the Apollo Vampire accelerators. Village Tronic and Phase5/DCE boards tend to be rare and highly expensive. Support for passing standard Amiga video modes through RTG boards varies. You will need either Picasso96 or CyberGraphX software in order to use RTG graphics boards. Both are readily available, though Picasso96 tends to be better-supported and more robust than CyberGraphX.

	===== Amiga 1000 =====		===== Amiga 1000 =====